|
 |
| History's
Timeline: The Second Millennium |
To fully aprreciate what history has to offer,
sometimes we need to take a couple of steps back
to view its' bigger picture. Perhaps, if we looked
across the broad spectrum, we would realize that
nothing happens in isolation. No one gets ups
one morning and says, "... hmm, think I'll
invent pottery or maybe even a religion today".
History is an evolutionary development that happens
over time.
| Anno
Domini (AD) |
The
Common Era (CE) |
|
| |
|
High Middle
Ages 1000 —1350 |
|
1000 |
|
-
Iceland officially converts to Christianity,
although heathen practice is still permitted
in private.
- Olafr
Tryggvasson dies.
- Date
of the Beowulf manuscript
|
|
1000 |
1005 |
- Leifr
Eiriksson makes his voyage to Vinland
(America) attempts to settle there and
fails because of the opposition from
the Skraelings (Native Americans)
|
|
1016 |
|
- Ard-Righ
Brian Boru defeats Norse in Ireland
at the battle of Clontarf, both Brian
and Jarl Sigurdhr of Orkney are slain.
|
|
1016 |
1042 |
- Three
Danish kings reign in England: Cnut,
followed by his sons Harold Harefoot
and Harthacnut.
|
|
1030 |
|
- King
Olaf the Saint is killed at Stiklestad.
- Haraldr
Hardrada, King of Norway, is killed
during an attempted invasion of England
fighting against Harold Godwinsson,
the English King.
|
|
1042 |
1066 |
- The
old Wessex line of kings is restored
with Edward the Confessor.
|
|
1051 |
1052 |
- Edward
the Confessor may have met William of
Normandy over the succession in England,
according to one source and William
may have received assurances from Edward
that he would succeed to the throne,
given that Edward himself had no heir.
|
|
1064 |
|
- Harold
of England appears in the Bayeaux Tapestry
to have traveled to Normandy at the
bidding of Edward and there made an
oath to William and received arms from
him (thus suggesting that Harold at
first recognized William's right to
succession and then reneged, thereby
provoking the Norman Invasion)
|
|
1066 |
|
- January
6: After considerable conflict over
the succession Harold Godwinsson is
crowned and reigns as Harold of England.
The Bayeaux Tapestry depicts Halley's
Comet making an appearance, which many
took as a sign of marvelous events to
come.
- September
25: Harold defeats a large force at
Stamford Bridge led by Harold Hardrada
(along with Harold of England's brother
Tostig)
- September
27: William of Normandy sails for England
- October
1: Harold probably begins his 250 mile
march south to meet William
- October
14: Harold Godwinsson is killed at Hastings
by forces of Duke Williams (the Bastard)
of Normandy.
- The
Norman Conquest of England takes place
- The
practice of "going Viking"
ends.
|
| Post
Heathen Period for Western Europe 1066
|
|
1075 |
|
- Adam
of Bremen writes Gesta Hammaburgensis
ecclesiae pontificum
|
|
1117 |
1118 |
- Grágás
the Icelandic law code first written
down.
|
|
1122 |
|
- Ari
Thorgilsson writes Islendingabok
|
|
1175 |
|
- The
first written version of the Nibelungenlied
is created in Germany
|
|
1180 |
|
- Theodoricus
Monachus writes Historia de antiquitate
regum Norwagiensium
|
|
1185 |
1223 |
- Saxo
Grammaticus writes Gesta Danorum.
|
|
1200 |
1450 |
- The
Icelandic sagas are written.
|
|
1200 |
|
- Ibn-Dihya
writes his account of Al-Ghazal's embassy
to the king of the Vikings in Ireland.
- Orkneyinga
saga written by unknow Icelandic author
- Zen
Buddhism (Ch'an) introduced - Japan
|
|
1220 |
|
- Snorri
Sturluson writes the Prose Edda
|
|
1225 |
|
- Snorri
Sturluson writes Heimskringla.
|
|
1226 |
|
- Tristams
saga produced by translating the Tristan
of Thomas Brittany per request of King
Hakon Hakonarsson
|
|
1230 |
|
- Egils
saga Skallagrimssonar written probably
by Snorri Sturluson. Egill died some
240 year before this written work.
|
|
1233 |
|
- First
Papal ordinance directly dealing with
witchcraft - Bull by Pope Gregory IX
(Ugolino, Count of Segni),to Conrad
of Marburg, bidding him to proceed against
the Luciferians. July 30th
of that year, Conrad of Marburg murdered
will attending to his duties.
|
|
1245 |
|
- Laxdaela
Saga written by unknown author
|
|
1250 |
1300 |
- Most
of the poems of the Poetic Edda which
had previously been circulating orally
since the Migration Age or before, are
collected and written down in the Codex
Regius, the oldest surviving manuscripts
containing the Eddic poems.
|
|
1258 |
|
- Bull
by Pope Alexander IV (Rinaldo Conti)
to Franciscan Inquisitors, bidding them
refrain from judging any cases of witchcraft
unless there was some very strong reason
to suppose that heretical practice could
also be amply proved.
|
|
1280 |
|
- Brenu-Njals
Saga written by unknown author: this
is written 269 years after the death
of Njal.
|
|
1300 |
|
- Sturlunga
saga a collection of historical sagas
written by various Icelanders during
the 1200's is compiled.
|
|
Late Middle
Ages 1350 —1500 |
|
1350 |
1500 |
|
|
1400 |
|
- Rosicrucianism
(Master Kelpius, Johann Andrea)
|
|
1400 |
1650 |
|
|
1431 |
|
- Joan
of Arc burned at the stake for being
a heretic at Rouen
|
|
1435 |
1698 |
- Witch
Burnings and Hangings
|
|
1453 |
|
- Constantinople
is captured by the Ottoman Turks; Byzantine
Empire Ends.
|
|
1459 |
|
- The
horrors of Vlad the Impaler.
|
|
1484 |
|
- December
9 The Bull of Innocent VIII, decreeing
Inquisitors Sprenger and Kramer, authors
of the Malleus Maleficarum, rights "to
be empowered to proceed to the just
correction, imprisonment, and punishment
of any persons, without let or hindrance,
in every way as if the provinces, townships,
dioceses, districts, territories, yea
even the persons and their crimes in
this kind were named and particularly
designated in Our letters''
|
|
1485 |
|
|
|
1486 |
|
- Maximilian
I, Emperor of Germany and King of the
Romans signs papers in Brussels giving
permission to Sprenger and Kramer to
carry out their duties, and commanding
cooperation with them.
|
|
1493 |
1541 |
- Paracclsus.
Physician who claimed that everything
he learned came froman old witch.
|
|
1497 |
|
- John
Cabot lands in North America.
|
|
1500 |
1800 |
- The
Age of Chinese Dominion
|
|
1500 |
1900 |
- Unification
of the Hemispheres
|
|
1500 |
1700 |
- The
First Period of European Imperialism
|
|
1500 |
1555 |
|
|
1500 |
1565 |
- The
Catholic Reformation
- Protestanism
(Martin Luther,Calvin) circa 1515
|
|
1515 |
1588 |
- Johan
Weyer, born in Brabant (Belgium). A
German physician who believed that most
witches were melancholy mentally disturbed
old women, incapable of harm. Believed
that the belief in witchcraft was caused
by the devil. In 1563 he wrote De Praestigiis
Daemonum. Was forced out of Netherlands
by the Catholic Governor, Duke of Alba.
His book was denounced by Jean Bodin.
|
|
1519 |
1598 |
|
|
1520 |
1560 |
|
|
1520 |
1550 |
|
|
1521 |
|
- Ignatius
Loyola writes his "Spiritual Exercises
" publishes in 1548.
|
|
1530 |
1560 |
|
|
1530 |
1590 |
- Jean
Bodin, a French judge. In 1580 writes
De la Demonomanie des Sorciers. Claims
that those who denied the existance
of witches were themselves witches.
|
|
1530 |
1616 |
- Nicholas
Remy a French lawyer fighting against
witches. In 1595 writes Demonaltry and
sites 128 cases.
|
|
1534 |
|
- Ignatius
Loyola founds the Jesuit Order.
|
|
1536 |
|
- John
Calvin publishes the first edition of
the "Institutes of the Christian
Religion."
|
|
1541 |
|
- John
Calvin returns to Geneva.
|
|
1541 |
|
- John
Knox begins Calvinist reform movement
in Scotland.
|
|
1543 |
|
- Pope
Paul III issues the index of prohibited
books.
|
|
1543 |
|
- First
Protestants are burned at the stake
by the Spanish Inquisition.
|
|
1545 |
1564 |
|
|
1554 |
|
- The
Catholic Church is res-red in England.
Mary I Queen of England.
|
|
1558 |
|
- John
Knox publishes his "The First Blast
of the Trumpet Against the Montrous
Regiment of Women" attacking
|
|
1560 |
|
- Church
of Scotland is founded.
|
|
1566 |
|
|
|
1566 |
1625 |
- King
James VI of Scotland aka James I of
England reigns
|
|
1584 |
|
- publication
of The Discoverie of Witchcraft by Reginal
Scot, suggesting that maybe witches
don't really exist.
|
|
1590 |
1591 |
- The
North Berwick Witches.
|
|
1604 |
1611 |
- The
blood secret of Countess Elizabeth Bathori
of Transylvania
|
|
1607 |
|
- British
establish a colony at Jamestown.
|
|
1608 |
|
- Publication
of Compendium Maleficarum
|
|
1611 |
|
- The
Basque Trials - an inquisitor named
Antonio Salazar de Frias said that the
men and women charged of the crime were
under a form of mass hysteria and declared
witches not harmful merely delusional
|
|
1650 |
|
- Tibetan
Buddhism - Dalai Lama
|
|
1663 |
1728 |
- Cotton
Mather defends the trials and execution
in New England and in 1689 writes Memorable
Providence Relating to Witchcraft and
Possessions
|
|
1692 |
|
- The
Salem Witchcraft Trials : 5 were hung
on July 19 ; 5 more hung on September
22 and another 8 were executed plus
one dog.
|
|
1700 |
|
- Freemansony
(Albert Mackey and Albert Pike)
|
|
1712 |
1830 |
- The
First Industrial Revolution
|
|
1760 |
|
- Swedenborgism
(Emmanuel Swedenborg)
|
|
1763 |
|
- Proclamation
of 1763 restricts settlement west of
the Appalachians.
|
|
1770 |
|
|
|
1776 |
|
- The
Declaration of Independence .
|
|
1781 |
|
- Cornwalis
surrenders at Yorktown.
|
|
1782 |
|
- Supposedly
the last witch burned in Western Europe.
|
|
1784 |
|
|
|
1789 |
1815 |
|
|
1791 |
|
- The
Bill of Rights is ratified.
|
|
1798 |
1815 |
|
| Victorian
Age |
|
1803 |
|
|
|
1808 |
|
- The
African slave trade is ended.
|
|
1815 |
1848 |
- Revolutions
of Liberal Nationalism
|
|
1823 |
|
- The
Monroe Doctrine is proclaimed.
|
|
1830 |
|
- Mormons
founder Joseph Smith
- Cambellites
(Barton Stone, Thomas and Alexander
Cambell)
|
|
1831 |
|
- Indians
of the Southern states begin the Trail
of Tears.
|
|
1838 |
|
|
|
1840 |
1845 |
- Millerites
Second Day Adventist (William Miller)
|
|
1844 |
|
- Bahai
founder Baha'u'llah also known as Abul
Baha
- Christadelphianism
founded by John Thomas
|
|
1845 |
1870 |
- Seventh
Day Adventist (E.G. White)
|
|
1846 |
1848 |
|
|
1848 |
|
- Gold
is discovered at Sutter's Mill in California.
- Women's
Rights Convention is held in Seneca
Falls NY
- Spiritualism
(Kate and Margaret Fox)
|
|
1850 |
1920 |
|
|
1861 |
|
|
|
1870 |
|
- Jehovah's
Witnesses (Charles T. Russel)
|
|
1875 |
|
- Theosophical
Society (H.P. Blavatsky and Henry Olcott)
|
|
1879 |
|
- Thomas
Edison invents the electric light.
- Christian
Science (Mary Baker Eddy)
|
|
1886 |
|
- The
American Federation of Labor is founded.
|
|
1889 |
1924 |
- Unity
School of Christianity (Myrtle Fillmore)
|
|
1890 |
|
- The
Sherman Antitrust Act is passed.
- Anthroposophical
Society (H.P. Blavatsky)
|
|
1900 |
|
- Rosicrucian
Fellowship (Rudolf Steiner)
- Anthroposophical
Society (Rudolf Stiener) different from
Blavatsky's
|
| 1901 |
|
- Queen
Victoria dies at the age of 81
|
|
1906 |
|
- Pentecostal
Assembly of the World
|
|
1914 |
|
- Iglesia
ni Cristo (Felix Manalo)
- Oneness
Pentecostalism founders are Frank Ewart,
G. Haywood, and Glenn Cook.
|
|
1917 |
|
- The
United States enters World War One
|
|
1920 |
|
- Nineteenth
Amendment grants women suffrage.
- Joan
of Arc declared a saint
|
|
1927 |
|
- Mind
Scienc (Ernest Holmes)
|
|
1929 |
|
- The
Great Depression begins.
|
|
1930 |
|
- Black
Muslims - Nation of Islam (Wallace D.
Fard)
|
|
1934 |
|
- World
Wide Church of God (Herbert W. Armstrong)
|
|
1935 |
|
- Self
Realization Fellowship (Paramahansa
Yogananda)
|
|
1941 |
|
- The Japanese navy attacks
Pearl Harbor.
|
|
1944 |
|
- Silva Mind control
(Jose Silva)
|
|
1945 |
|
- United Pentecostal
International based on the original
1914 church. (Howard Goss and W.T. Witherspoon)
- The Way (Victor P.
Wierwille)
|
|
1948 |
|
- Latter Rain (Franklin
Hall and George Warnock)
|
|
1950 |
|
|
|
1954 |
|
- Last of the anti-witch
laws repealed in Britain Gerald Gardner
publicly announces he is a witch and
starts the new-Wiccan movement
- Atherius Society -
a society about UFO's founded by Dr.
George King.
- Unification Church
(Sun Myung Moon)
|
|
1955 |
|
- Urantia Book (Dr. Bill
Sadler)
- Scientology by L. Ron
Hubbard
|
|
1956 |
|
|
|
1958 |
|
- United Arab Republic
is formed
- From 1958-1970 the
Church Universal and Triumphant
- Institute of Divine
Metaphysical Research (Henry Kinley)
|
|
1959 |
|
- Unitariarian Universalist
|
|
1960 |
|
- Enkankar founded by
Paul Twitchell
- Transcendental Meditation
founded by Maharishi mahesh Yogi
|
|
1964 |
|
- The Palestine Liberation
Organization is formed.
|
|
1964 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
- President Johnson begins
escalation of US role in Vietnamese
Civil War.
- Medicare Act.
- Clean Air Act.
- Assembly of Yahweh
founded by Jacob Meyer
|
|
1965 |
1967 |
|
|
1966 |
|
- National Organization
for Women (NOW) is founded.
- Church of Satan founded
by Anton La Vey
|
|
1968 |
|
- Martin Luther King
Jr. is assassinated.
- Hare Krishna U.S. Division
(Swami Prabhupada)
- Children of God (David
Berg)
|
|
1969 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
- The Internet was formed
although at the time it was a military
network called ARPA net
- Findhorn founded by
Mr.& Mrs. Caddy and David Spangler
- Divine Light Mission
founded by Guru Maharaj Ji
|
|
1971 |
|
- First Microprocessor
the 4004
|
|
1972 |
|
- US withdraws from Vietnam.
|
|
1972 |
|
- Covenant of the Goddess
is formed
|
|
1973 |
|
- The Roe vs. Wade Case
in the U.S.
|
|
1974 |
|
- Assemblies of Yahweh
founded by Sam Suratt
|
|
1976 |
|
- Voyager space craft
lands on Mars
|
|
1979 |
|
- Church of Christ International
founded by K. McKean
|
|
1980 |
|
- The House of Yahweh
religion founded by Jacob Hawkins
- The Tara Center founded
by Benjamin Creme
|
|
1982 |
|
- The TCP/IP Protocol
established and the "Internet"
is formed as a connected set of networks
using TCP/IP.
|
|
1984 |
|
- DNS (Domain Name Server)
introduced to the Internet which then
consisted of about 1000 hosts.
|
|
1985 |
|
- Wicca recognized as
a legal religion by the United States
and the military. Dettmer v.Landon 617
F. Supposition 592
|
|
1989 |
|
|
|
1989 |
|
- The Fall of the Berlin
Wall; and the Cold War ends
|
|
1993 |
|
- Commercial providers
are allowed to sell internet connections
to individuals.
- Pagan web-sites skyrocket
|
|
2000 |
|
- Goddess 2000 project;
January 1 2000
|
Notes:
All dates are
approximations and you may find a source with
contradicting information and as such I cannot
vouch for the accuracy of the dates. This is intended
to be used as a guideline.
European
Paganism —Ken Dowden
Encyclopedia Britannica 1991
The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions
—edited by Keith Crim
Media History Timeline (article)—
Irving Fang and Kristina Ross
Paganculture.com
|
|
|